Tag Archives: gene expression

Upstream open reading frames (uORFs) as translational regulators in human disease

AoS. Upstream open reading frames (uORFs) as translational regulators in human disease

The messenger RNA (mRNA) translation process is a key step of gene expression, whose regulation allows the cell to rapidly change protein synthesis in a spatio-temporal manner in response to different stimuli. Translation comprises four steps –

Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD): a bifunctional mechanism in human physiology and disease

AoS. Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD)

Proteins are the working-units of the cell, which are encoded by thousands of genes that pass their information into an intermediate molecule, the messenger RNA (mRNA). For this flow of information – from genes to RNA (transcription),

Features of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells activation with interferon gamma for clinical use

Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are very attractive for cell therapy. For the healing of severe defects in connective tissue (bone, cartilage, fat) their ability to differentiate into various elements of connective tissue origin is used. Their

How plants transmit signals through alternate routes during stress conditions? CBL-CIPK mediated calcium signaling

One of the main characteristics of a plant life is sessile nature. Plants counter this frailty by evolving intricate and fast signaling system that can help in transferring stimuli at a very high rate. The phytohormone ABA

TSPO, bond of ages

In the microbic world of about 3.5 billion years ago, unicellular eukaryotes (organisms with cell nuclei) started to form a symbiosis with prokaryotes (organisms without cell nuclei). These prokaryotes were bacteria that could breath oxygen, whereas the

Different morphs for different seasons: Seasonality of an insect invader

The Spotted Wing Drosophila (SWD), a cousin of the widely-studied model organism Drosophila melanogaster, is a devastating pest of fruit crops such as strawberries, cherries, blueberries, and blackberries.  SWD females lay their eggs inside of fresh fruit,

Simultaneous integrated analysis of biological datasets: an evaluation of O2PLS

The rapid progress in high throughput technology made it possible to measure biological processes at several levels: DNA markers (genetic code), gene expression (which represents the process of reading the code of a gene), proteomics (proteins are

Energy intensive hub regions of the brain

In this work, we analyzed a massive database of brain connectivity data from the Allen Mouse Brain Connectivity Atlas, which contains data from experiments where researchers inject viral tracers into different regions of the mouse brain. The

Renal cell carcinoma: can we identify patients with advanced disease?

Kidney cancer is among the 10 most common cancers in both men and women with approximately 61,560 new cases and 14,080 deaths from this disease expected in 2015. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most

The exploration of gene expression in Atlantic bluefin tuna

Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunus thynnus), the largest of the tuna species, is migratory top predator inhabiting the North Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. Extremely well adapted to life in open waters, they are able to traverse

Changes in 3-dimentional chromatin structure as a mean to relieve oxidative stress?

DNA in our cells is packaged into a structure called chromatin, which is mainly a protein-DNA complex. Chromatin needs to be loosened for fundamental processes to take place, such as decoding genetic information (i.e. gene expression) and

Going my way? A tale of enzyme recruitment and activation

Protein synthesis is an energetically costly cellular process, in part due to the metabolic requirements of ribosome assembly and gene-specific messenger RNA (mRNA) production.  Consequently, biosynthetic flux through the protein translation pathway is tightly regulated while translational

Small-molecule RETRA is effective against a fatal childhood cancer

The bone tumor Ewing’s sarcoma is one of the most aggressive cancers in childhood and adolescence. Before the era of chemotherapy, more than 90% of Ewing’s sarcoma patients succumbed to their disease. With the introduction of intensive