Tag Archives: insulin
Inhibition of bovine insulin amyloid fibrillation and toxicity by silibinin
The misfolding and subsequent aggregation into β-sheet rich assemblies of endogenous polypeptides, such as β-amyloid peptide, tau protein, α-synuclein, and insulin are the underlying causes of diabetes and many neurodegenerative diseases. Although, no sequence or structural similarity
Early detection of “insulin balls” using ultrasonography
Diabetes patients often suffer from subcutaneous induration at insulin injection sites during insulin therapy. Among the different types of subcutaneous complications of insulin injection, lipohypertrophy and insulin-derived amyloidosis (IDA) are defined as tumor-like enlargements of adipose tissue
Developmental origins of aging trajectory
Traditionally, gerontological research is focused on later stages of life cycle. Accumulating evidence, however, suggests that the rate of aging-associated functional decline (senescence) as well as the risk for chronic pathological conditions can originate early in life.
Plasma CTSD activity: a non-invasive biomarker for hepatic insulin sensitivity
Due to the obesity epidemic, the incidence and prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus continues to rise globally. Type 2 diabetes is characterised by a relative insulin deficiency and an impaired insulin sensitivity in certain specific target organs. Insulin sensitivity can
Excessive postprandial VLDL remnants in plasma cause obesity and insulin resistance
Remnant lipoproteins (RLP) are the TG-rich lipoproteins metabolized by lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and increase in plasma after fat intake (Fig. 1), parallel with the increase of plasma triglycerides (TG). We have long thought that RLP in plasma
Not frozen in time: the past matters to the relationship between body weight and insulin
Insulin is a hormone which regulates how your food fuels your body. The food you eat is digested and converted into glucose, which then travels through your blood to reach all of the organs and tissues in
The role of oxidative stress in Type 2 diabetes
Type 2 diabetes is a major health concern that affects people no matter their gender, race, or socio-economic background is. In type 2 diabetes, a person’s body stops responding efficiently to insulin after a meal. This desensitization
Insulin and brain glucose handling
It has long been known that the brain abundantly expresses insulin receptors in all its major areas, indicating that this vital hormone controlling general glucose metabolism is important for brain function. However, mechanisms of neuro-vascular coupling at
Electrically controlled insulin release
Stimuli responsive materials are promising for designing the next generation of drug delivery systems. Such materials would enable drugs to be released on-demand or in response to patient needs, specifically at the target site, minimizing side effects.
Host factors, the “Simon Says” for microbial biofilms
Microbes change their behavior, i.e., phenotype, in response to environmental clues. Since microbes, e.g. normal flora and pathogens evolved with their respective hosts, being able to recognize host-derived chemical signals provides a distinctive advantage. This is particularly
Insulin effects on pancreatic beta cells-not always what you may think
Normally, blood glucose levels are controlled within a reasonable range by the release of insulin from pancreatic beta cells in response to an increase in blood glucose levels following a meal or other glucose challenge. One of
Oligomers are building blocks of amyloid formation for insulin and its fast analog LisPro
The hormone insulin was discovered in 1921 by Banting and Best, and since that time it has been studied rigorously. At the same time first attempts were made to use insulin for treating diabetes. Insulin was the
Antipsychotic-induced severe hypoglycemia
Hyperglycemia is more common in patients with antipsychotic treatment than in the general population. However, hypoglycemia is one of the idiosyncratic potentially life-threatening adverse effects of antipsychotics. While several cases of antipsychotic-induced hypoglycemia have been reported, the
Multiple injuries (polytrauma) result in skeletal muscle wasting and insulin resistance
Polytrauma is a combination of injuries that occur over a short period of time (simultaneously or within minutes of each other). These injuries can include burn, fracture, hemorrhage, trauma to the extremities, or penetrating trauma to the
Mixing Insulin with phospholipids at the air/water interface
The Insulin monomer is unstable and tends to macroscopically aggregate in aqueous solutions during storage. This is a consequence of solid fibers formed by aggregation of monomers and dimers under low pH conditions; and causes loss of
Disguising insulin as an antibody: a Trojan horse for type 1 diabetes prevention
Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is an auto-immune disease. These diseases appear when our own immune system, which normally protects us from foreign pathogens (viruses, bacteria,…), attacks our own cells. In the case of T1D, T lymphocytes, which
Can inhaled formoterol be used to prevent hypoglycemia?
Patients with type 1 diabetes need insulin treatment for their survival. However insulin can cause low blood sugar (or hypoglycemia); a major limiting factor for good diabetes control. Hypoglycemia occurs when there is an excess of insulin
Fatty liver disease: a condition caused by modern day lifestyle
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) refers to the build-up of fat (steatosis) in the liver that occurs in the setting of obesity and/or diabetes. Specifically, other causes such as alcohol excess or drugs or genetic conditions need
A natural compound called rutin may shade light on diabetes therapy
Diabetes and its major risk factor, obesity, have become a world-wide epidemic and cause of suffering for millions of people. There is still no drug of cure for diabetes and the currently available drugs suffer from a
Birth weight is not solely determined by genetic code
It is believed that genetic information carried by our DNA determines our metabolism and how we look. This is especially true for identical twins. The incidence of identical twins is around one in every 200 deliveries. Although
