Tag Archives: tumor

Lipid nanoparticles loaded with CpG oligonucleotides exert an antitumor effect via immunomodulation

AoS. Lipid nanoparticles loaded with CpG oligonucleotides exert an antitumor effect via immunomodulation

Since the emergence of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), cancer immunotherapy has dramatically developed. However, its drawback is the low overall response rate to its therapeutic effect. The efficacy of immunotherapy is suggested to depend on the immune

Molecular classification of glioma stem cells

Comprehensive genetic analysis of glioblastomas by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) has proposed a new classification based on genetic abnormalities. The characteristic genetic abnormalities identified in the TCGA are promising candidates for novel molecularly targeted therapies, and

Exercise inhibits cancer: the mechanosensitive state of tumor cells

Surprisingly, researchers find that tumor cells are sensitive to mechanical stresses. This may provide new ways to treat cancers without the severe side-effects of many therapies. Because mechanosensitivity of cancer cells is found quite generally, it appears

Specific and non-specific biomarkers in neuroendocrine gastroenteropancreatic tumors

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are a heterogeneous group of rare malignancies that can arise in almost all organs, although gastroenteropancreatic site (GEP) is the most common. Symptoms are rarely specific, and clinical manifestations may be evident only in

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor transition to KIT-independence is enabled by a Cyclin D1 dependent proliferation program

AoS. Gastrointestinal stromal tumor transition to KIT-independence is enabled by a Cyclin D1 dependent proliferation program.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common mesenchymal tumor of the gastrointestinal tract. GISTs generally contain oncogenic gain-of-function KIT (~85%) or PDGFRA (~5-10%) mutations which are crucial for GIST proliferation and survival, as underscored by the

Force and morphogenesis

AoS. Somatic embryogenesis of bean from callus or tumor

Plant tissue culture has been used to propagate plants on culture media present within petri dishes. This is the propagation of plants in vitro. Using  particular plant hormones added to such media in certain concentrations, buds and

Enlightening the importance of the NDRGs in the (cancerous) gut

Enlightening the importance of the NDRGs in the (cancerous) gut. AoS

The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is one of the most complex organs of the human body. With its approximate 5m length, a diversity of specialized epithelial cell types (the ‘lining’ of the GI tract), about 80% of our

Tumor regression in a high-mortality mouse pancreatic cancer (xenograft) model with aminosteroid RM-581

Chemical representation of aminosteroid derivative. Atlas of Science

Pancreatic cancer is classified as a high-mortality cancer with a five-year relative survival rate of only 9%. Although most cancer type survival rates have improved over the past decades, pancreatic cancer morbidity has been stable, which illustrates

An integrated genomics approach for identifying breast cancer patients with highly aggressive tumors

An integrated genomics approach for identifying breast cancer patients. AoS

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women with over 2 million new cases worldwide in 2018. Three kinds of receptors are usually found on the surface of breast cancer cells: a receptor for female hormone

Duodenal neuroendocrine tumors: what we really know about them? An Italian multicentre experience

Duodenal Neuroendocrine Tumors. AoS

Duodenal neuroendocrine neoplasms (dNENs) are heterogeneous tumors and represent up to 3% of all duodenal tumors and 2–3% of all gastrointestinal tumors. Despite clear differences, dNENs have been always treated together with either gastric neuroendocrine tumors or,

Skewed signaling through RAGE strength the tumor growth-promoting activities of M2 macrophages

Skewed signaling through RAGE strength. AoS

Tumors are complex tissues composed by both non-cellular components, mainly matrix proteins, and different stromal cell types, which are under an active cross talk with tumor cells. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the major leukocyte population among the

Oxygen starvation promotes pro-tumorigenic cytokine expression

Oxygen Starvation Promotes Pro-Tumorigenic Cytokine Expression. AoS

Identification of the factors that trigger tumor formation and metastasis is a problem that has persisted in cancer research since its inception. To date, studies have focused on chemical signaling compounds that are part of the secretome

Wilms tumor and aneuploidy

Wilms Tumor and Aneuploidy. AoS

Wilms’ tumor or nephroblastoma is an embryological tumor of infancy that belongs to the category of “small round blue cell tumors” (Fig. 1). Such tumors are characterized by an accentuated basophilia of the nuclei with a notable

Compressed ultrasound imaging: finding tumors with a few transducers

Compressed Ultrasound Imaging with Holey Cavities. AoS

Currently, ultrasound imaging is predominantly done by a probe that possesses many transducers, which are small devices that transmit, and then receive, acoustic waves. Decreasing the number of transducers, while maintaining image quality, is surely a desirable

How to stain E-selectin ligands in tumor tissue

How to stain E-selectin ligands in tumor tissue

Cancer affects millions of people around the world. Nowadays they have more chances to survive, but still, the most frightful scenario are metastases. Few patients with metastases survive, and there is an unmet clinical need for new

Molecular targeted therapy in alveolar soft part sarcoma

Molecular Targeted Therapy in Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma

Alveolar soft part sarcoma is a malignant and rare tumor that includes about 1% of all STS (soft tissue sarcoma), and usually occurs in adolescents and young adults. This type of cancer has tendency toward distant metastasis

Fine needle aspiration cytology for neck masses in childhood. An important tool in pediatrics

Mucin-secreting vacuolated cells, intermediate cells, and squamous cells

Neck masses can be incidental or the reason for significant concern for parents and physicians. The technique of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology (FNAC) may be crucial in such settings. In 1981, the first FNA biopsy performed in

Targeting microRNAs for thyroid cancer therapy

Schematic model explaining the oncogenic actions of miR-146b and the consequences of its inhibition in thyroid cancer

The thyroid gland is a small butterfly-shaped endocrine organ located at the base of the throat, just below the Adam´s apple. Its function is to concentrate dietary iodine from the bloodstream and produce thyroid hormones, which have

Lernaean hydra puzzle in compensatory angiogenesis and tumor drug resistance

Diagrammatic representation of how compensatory angiogenic mechanisms are driven by redendent proangiogenic signalling

Before we proceed to apply the analogy of Lernaean hydra to compensatory angiogenesis and tumor drug resistance against anti-angiogenic drugs (AADs), let us have a cursory look at the interesting mythology of this hydra. According to Greek

How can we make nanoparticles more effective against cancer?

Chemotherapy is an integral part of the present cancer treatment paradigm, despite its common and severe side effects. Nanotechnology provides a plethora of promising avenues for overcoming chemotherapy limitations. Drug encapsulation within nanoparticles helps to retain it