Author Archives: karen
Locoregional treatment versus no treatment of the primary tumour in metastatic breast cancer
Stage IV breast cancer is the state in which the cancer has spread to distant sites , for example , the brain, liver, lung, bones. Treatment for stages I to III of breast cancer include surgery, chemotherapy
Viscosity scaling in concentrated dispersions
What do water, motor oil, honey and mercury have in common? They are all liquids, and can thus all flow to take the shape of their container. It is however clear that these liquids are very different
Red blood cell survival in very low birth weight neonates
In normal, healthy adults red blood cells (RBCs) are produced in the bone marrow and survive in the circulation for about 4 months. After this time they cease functioning normally and are removed by as yet poorly
Arsenic and other elements in drinking water
Arsenic (As) is a toxic element, known as class (I) human carcinogen and widely distributed in the environment in trace amount. The occurrence of naturally As contamination in groundwater has been reported globally, particularly in Southeast Asia.
The influence of attachment on pain and depression in two different pain groups
Attachment style which can be categorized into secure and insecure can be associated with the development and perception of pain. A secure attachment style is related to people that are able to build a support system by
The structure of the middle ear in the small Indian mongoose
The small Indian mongoose (Herpestes javanicus) is native to the Middle East, Iran and much of southern Asia. The aim of the present study is a brief discussion of the various anatomic particularities of the middle ear
Can a just society ration healthcare?
The gross domestic product (GDP) of a country represents the dollar value of all goods and services produced by that country over a period of time, usually a year. One can think of the GDP as the
Reactivation of neutralized HIV-1 by dendritic cells
HIV-1 can be bound by neutralizing antibodies that target the envelope glycoprotein (Env) and thereby block viral entry into HIV-1 susceptible cells. HIV-1 specific antibodies are formed within the first two weeks in patients, but usually these
The new photoelectrochemical aptamer biosensor
The photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensing is a new and promising analytical technique to detect biomolecules with high sensitivity. As core unit of PEC biosensor, photoelectrode materials play an irreplaceable role for its detecting performance. Among them, titanium dioxide
Pulmonary hypertension and the right diagnosis
Systemic sclerosis, also called scleroderma, is an autoimmune disease which involves skin and internal organs. Autoimmune means that the immunological system goes crazy and decides to kill the healthy cells as if they were virus or bacteria.
The use of type and crossmatch blood ordering
Particularly in patients undergoing major surgery, blood transfusions can be a life-saving maneuver. Prior to receiving any blood transfusion, however, the recipient’s blood type (and other factors) must be checked to ensure that it is compatible with
The risk of death from high-risk prostate cancer in men undergoing EBRT and brachytherapy
According to the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines, treatment with long-course (28–36 months) androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), in addition to brachytherapy (where radioactive seeds are implanted inside the prostate to kill cancer cells) and external beam radiation
Application of the humpback whale fibroblast cell lines in chemical risk assessment
Antarctica is the coldest, the driest, the windiest and the remotest continent. Almost no people inhabitant these pristine area. We would also expect it is the cleanest. However, our studies revealed the presence of organochlorine pesticides like
The neural architecture of trauma
Mental illness can be a frightening and debilitating experience. Efforts to understand mental illness more accurately and develop more effective treatments are urgently needed. It is the case that many people who experience mental illness report episodes
Abolition of mitochondrial substrate-level phosphorylation by itaconic acid
Macrophages are cells of the immune defence system. When they sense the presence of bacteria, one of their genes -called ‘Irg1’- switches on. As a consequence of this, macrophages start to produce and secrete a substance called
Tryptophan metabolism in pregnancy
The amino acid tryptophan (Trp) is essential for protein synthesis and produces many important chemicals in the body, including: serotonin in brain which controls appetite, behaviour, cognition, emotion and mood; melatonin in the pineal gland which controls
Confirming Aluminum Homocatenation
The capacity of atoms to form bonds with themselves producing chain-like structures, so called atomic homocatenation, plays an important role in the life formation. Carbon is capable of forming very long chain in the CnHn+2 alkanes. Other
