Tag Archives: toxicity
Selenium: mercury ratio in the whale shark from the Gulf of California
Mercury (Hg) is one of the main toxic pollutants, which is released into the environment from natural and anthropogenic activities. In contrast, selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient, which is required for growth and development. The uptake
Effect of synergism of small molecules against fibrillation process of human serum albumin
There are different ways by which small molecules interact with protein and its aggregates. One of it is synergistic interaction of drugs or small molecules against protein aggregates. Protein aggregation is a common cause of neurodegeneration. Most
Inhibition of bovine insulin amyloid fibrillation and toxicity by silibinin
The misfolding and subsequent aggregation into β-sheet rich assemblies of endogenous polypeptides, such as β-amyloid peptide, tau protein, α-synuclein, and insulin are the underlying causes of diabetes and many neurodegenerative diseases. Although, no sequence or structural similarity
When toxicity goes circular: Isoprostanes as markers and effectors of oxidative stress
In normal conditions, there is a dynamic equilibrium between oxidants and antioxidants in the human body; however, when there is an unbalance in this redox state, oxidative stress occurs. In an unbalanced state, the peroxidation of polyunsaturated
Can nanographene cross placental barrier?
Graphene is an upcoming revolutionized 2D material that has sketched its importance across a wide spectra of interdisciplinary arenas due to its distinguishing properties. Being a sp2 hybridized allotrope of carbon with a honeycomb lattice structure; it
Chemical toxicity study of some Algerian medicinal plants
About 65 to 80% of the world’s population use traditional medicine for their primary health WHO according to the WHO report. However, the use of herbal medicines has come under scrutiny due to their perceived long-term toxicity
Molecular defense adopted by sea urchin embryos to cope with Nickel
Nickel (Ni) is a natural constituent of the Earth’s crust and, together with its compounds, it is used in many industrial and commercial applications. At very low doses, Ni carries out many physiological roles in biochemical processes
Hidden toxicity of zinc oxide nanoparticles
Zinc Oxide (ZnO) is one of the most exploitable nanoparticles (NPs) in industrial and consumer products especially in cosmetics, food additives, pharmaceuticals, biosensors, photo electricity and rubber industry etc. Regarding their wide variety of applications, they constantly
Unveiling toxicity concerns of PEGylated reduced graphene oxide
Graphene, a 2D carbon material tagged as the “strongest material” that forms a honeycombed lattice structure has found profound application in biomedical field owing to its exciting physico-chemical properties. It has raised global acceptance and enthusiasm in
Toxicity of graphene in lung alveolar epithelial cells
Graphene is a fascinating nanomaterial that has garnered significant scientific interest because of its unique properties such as superior thermal and electrical conductivity, high mechanical strength and unique optical properties. Due to this reason graphene has numerous
Product of red grapes protects kidney from anticancer toxicity by increasing its extruding protein
Cancer chemotherapy is a double-edged tool. At one side, increasing anticancer dose may cure cancer but can cause severe toxic effects to vital organs. At the other side, decreasing the dose can protect vital organs from the
Cultured macrophages help predict lung toxicity of inhaled nanoparticles
Many small particles of industrial or occupational origin are believed to infer an inflammatory or otherwise toxic potential to human health upon inhalation. Knowledge on this issue is especially important for the very small nanoparticles, which measure
Animal-free platforms for the efficient and accurate prediction of kidney toxicity in humans
Tens of thousands of chemicals are used in food, cosmetics and consumer products. In addition, humans are exposed to drugs and environmental toxicants. Safety testing based on animals is too slow and too costly for screening the
Side effects of radiation therapy: Why me?
Most lung cancers are treated with radiation therapy, often in high doses. Although these treatments are absolutely required to prolong life (by killing the tumor or slowing its growth), radiation treatment can have negative side effects that
A cysteine residue is a key commander of SOD1-related neuronal toxicity in ALS
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS; a.k.a. Lou Gehrig’s disease) is a life-threatening disease of motor neurons that gradually affects muscle strength of the whole body. The disease occurs familially in some cases, and 25 to 30% of the
Compounds earlier known as neurotransmitters are met and function in every living organism
Historically, the neurotransmitters function were analyzed only in animals with nervous system, and their initial role was associated mainly with the transmission of nerve (electrical) impulses. In the last decade of the 20 century, new views on
Lipids are major players in Alzheimer’s disease
Alzheimer’s disease is the most common neurodegenerative disorder affecting over 36 million people worldwide. Alzheimer’s patients suffer from dementia and memory loss and go through a progressive, irreversible and eventually fatal loss of cognitive functions. When Alois
A novel approach to characterizing the type of three-factorial combined toxicity
We carried out an experiment in which outbred white rats were subjected to repeated injections with water solutions of either one of the toxics (Mn, Ni or Cr salts) in doses isoeffective in respect to the lethal
