Measuring the pH levels inside lysosomes
The pH level varies in different organelles inside a cell and there is a diversity of function carried out within. Any deviations of pH from normal levels could signal cellular stress or dysfunction and may indicate serious
Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD): a bifunctional mechanism in human physiology and disease
Proteins are the working-units of the cell, which are encoded by thousands of genes that pass their information into an intermediate molecule, the messenger RNA (mRNA). For this flow of information – from genes to RNA (transcription),
Analysis of the arabidopsis Major Facilitator Superfamily reveals a larger and more diverse group of transporters
As sessile organisms, plants need to adapt rapidly to the environmental fluctuations they endure during their life cycle in order to survive. Upon external insults, plants activate a network of coordinated molecular responses to restore cellular equilibrium,
Preparedness rising from the ashes of disaster: The phoenix of transformative learning
Worldwide, societies and their citizens face ever-increasing risk from natural disasters. Pivotal to managing this risk is preparedness. However, consistently low levels of preparedness prompted the United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR) to call for
3D-bioengineered human amniotic membrane scaffold for improvement of wound healing in diabetic rats
In the tissue engineering context, attention to the biological scaffolds due to the safety, efficacy, and bio-mimicity was discussed. Among the natural scaffolds, human amniotic membrane (HAM) has shown to be promising and has been used for
The type of mitochondrial DNA mutations more than their quantity affects organismal fitness
Present in the majority of cells, mitochondria play a major role in the production of cellular and organismal energy, and contribute to cellular/ion homeostasis. Mitochondria possess multiple copies of their own genome (mtDNA), that encodes 13 essential
Soccer and metabolism: what are the limits of using saliva to understand the body responses?
Science is playing an increasingly important role in the world of sport. Understanding the molecular basis that relates to the degree of training, athletic performance or risk of injury can represent a major advance in ensuring the
Site-specific antibody labeling with novel photocrosslinking technology
Our research presents a novel, site-specific approach to labeling antibodies with molecules for various applications, improving upon traditional methods of antibody conjugation. The method is widely compatible and modular, enabling labs to rapidly label their antibodies for
Someone with higher risk: Seeing through Chinese gamblers based on gambling forms
Gambling in various forms has been an important economic activity around the world. Governments are trying to balance the economic benefits of legalized gambling with its social costs. However, measuring, identifying, and preventing gambling disorder remain a
Force and morphogenesis
Plant tissue culture has been used to propagate plants on culture media present within petri dishes. This is the propagation of plants in vitro. Using particular plant hormones added to such media in certain concentrations, buds and
Calix[4]arene can recognize metals captured in the cavity by IR absorption
![AoS. Calix[4]arene can recognize metals captured in the cavity by IR absorption.](https://atlasofscience.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/cone-shaped-C4A-AoS-t-150x150.jpg)
Calix[4]arene (C4A), composed of four phenols connected with methylene chains, has been used extensively as host molecules in supramolecular chemistry. C4A has a dominant, cone-type conformation formed by a strong hydrogen-bonded network with four OH groups (Fig.
New antimicrobial strategies against multidrug-resistant pathogens
Due to current antibiotic resistance worldwide, there is an urgent need to find new alternative antibacterial approaches capable of dealing with multidrug-resistant pathogens. In fact, the World Health Organization has recently announced the increasing high levels of
Transplacental exposure of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) and associations with birth outcomes
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have become an intractable, potentially endless chemical issue due to their historical episode in global market and lack of effective treatment method. Since PFOS and PFOA have been listed under the Stockholm
The primary cilia bend with the flow but do they sense the pH?
Cilia are minuscule hair-like projections rising out of most cells in the body. Among these cellular protrusions known as cilia, some can generate movement, rotate or flick while the primary cilia sway helplessly to the flow of
Alterations in mitochondrial metabolism induced by chronic fluoride exposure
Fluoride (F) is widely available in nature and has been successfully used to control dental caries worldwide. In addition, beneficial effects have been shown on the development of teeth and bones. However, high concentrations of F over
Importance of drinking microfiltered raw immune-milk from cows immunized against SARS-CoV-2 in providing short-term protection against COVID-19
COVID-19 is the infectious disease caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, which causes severe respiratory tract infections in humans, has become a global health concern. Currently, all the effort used to prevent the spread of this virus
Gelation of textile effluent by fish scales: An innovation in liquid waste management
Fish wastes (such as heads, bones, skin, scales, fins, and viscera) often might account up to three fourths of the total fish weight and are dumped carelessly into land or sea, resulting in a negative environmental impact.
Metformin improves pancreatic cancer and lymphoma outcomes in DM2 patients
Type 2 diabetics are at increased risk of cancer in part because of increased insulin in the blood from insulin resistance. Insulin and its related growth factor IGF-1 can stimulate cell growth through the Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK or the
Antigen-expressing regulatory T cells can protect against allergic reactions
Our immune systems are designed to protect us from dangerous foreign invaders, like viruses, bacteria or parasites. However, sometimes we respond to usually harmless foreign materials, e.g. pollens or food, the results of which can be mild
Bioactive extracts from Posidonia oceanica waste biomass: Are organic solvents necessary?
Bioactive compounds with antioxidant and antimicrobial activity have found applications in a broad range of areas within the pharmaceutical and food industries. As a result, the prospection of new biomass resources to obtain natural extracts with these
